A Discussion of Macroeconomic Policies used by the USA Government over Essay

A Discussion of Macroeconomic Policies used by the USA Government over the past three years, their impact on the USA Economy and how successful these Policies have been - Essay Example f a real-estate slump and related financial problems, there were predictions that margin squeeze from high energy prices or a dollar shock could be crucial factors tipping US growing economy into a downturn. With the global political situation ever changing, foreign policies fluctuation in split second, the economy has suffered too over the recent years. This paper describes the United States of America’s macroeconomic polices in the recent years and their impact on the people. We shall consider the past three years and look at how the changing economic policies changed business interests and how they impact the overall economic situation of the state. In 2006 U.S economy was still suffering from the effects that the hurricanes such as Katrina had on the U.S. economy and because of their reverberations in 2006. The health of the national economy was facing threat, due to the severe beating that the infrastructure took—most notably the infrastructure for energy. For the preceding year and a half, energy prices had surged worldwide. When the storms hit at the end of August, economic activity had been quite robust for several years, supported by monetary accommodation and strong productivity growth. Real GDP had grown steadily at, or above, its potential or long-run sustainable pace, which is estimated at around three and a quarter percent. This pattern continued even during the third quarter—immediately following the hurricanes—when real GDP grew by just over four percent. In the fourth quarter, growth did drop sharply to about 1 Â ½ percent. However, a good deal of this slowdown appears to have been due to sev eral temporary factors, none of which were related to the hurricanes. In 2006 the US economy was facing a great deal of un-certainty; the economy appears to be approaching a highly desirable glide path. First, real GDP growth currently appears to be quite strong, but there was good reason for it to slow to around its potential rate as the year

Quantitative Research and Black Males Essay Example for Free

Quantitative Research and Black Males Essay On the run: Wanted men in a Philadelphia Ghetto. American Sociological Association, 74(3), 339-357. After reading the article, it was clear that it was written to give insight on what really happens in black neighborhoods and how daily lives are affected. Goffman’s (2009) purpose is to show that, â€Å"Although recent increases in imprisonment are concentrated in poor Black communities, we know little about how daily life within these neighborhoods is affected† (p. 39). Additionally, there are no research questions directly stated, but are implied throughout the article as to how exactly prejudice and racism towards the black communities can affect a black person’s life and to those around him. The major independent variable in the analysis is that over the years, young black males with little or no education have been imprisoned at least once in their life. The number of people being incarcerated keeps growing. The dependent variable ,or effect, of this cause is how being incarcerated even just once, can affect their daily lives in getting employment and always being on the run because of fear of being incarcerated again. The article did show theoretical frameworks as part of the literature review which focused on young uneducated black males. This article focused on the failure of young black men’s color, on how they could get arrested just by being seen as a black male. Other research and/or studies would focus on the â€Å"ghetto,† not just as a black male ghetto, but possibly people from other origins who live in ghettos such as Latino gang members. Goffman (2009) focuses only on black male gender theory. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in the article. For quantitative methods, a percentage of black males being imprisoned were shown. As evidence, Pettit and Western (2004) stated, â€Å"30 percent of those with only high school diplomas have been to prison, and 60 percent of those who did not finish high school have prison records by their mid-30s,† (p. 39). Wildeman (2009) also stated, â€Å"One in four Black children born in 1990 had a father imprisoned,† (p. 339). For the qualitative method, Goffman (2009) used descriptive events and places that she was actually involved and observed in. The research design made the article more understanding and interesting by giving us a clear picture of how pe rcent numbers grew for black males being incarcerated and how the outcome of it affected their daily lives. In order to obtain information for the article, Goffman (2009) would actually spend time hanging out with young male men who had a record of being incarcerated and living in a bad neighborhood where cop surveillance had increased. Goffman (2009) would be, â€Å"spending most of my waking hours hanging out on Chuck’s back porch steps, or along the alley way between his block and Mike’s block,† and â€Å"for the next four years I spent two and six days a week on 6th street and roughly one day a week visiting members of the group in jail and prison,† (p. 42). The data collection Goffman (2009) obtained consisted of observations and actually taking field notes with the young men’s consent, although she would not directly ask questions. Goffman (2009) used quotes of what people would say by, â€Å"typing it down directly onto a laptop or by using a cell phone text message,† (p. 342). She also interviewed lawyers, police officers, probation officer s and a judge to get more research information for the article. Goffman (2009) analyzed the data she obtained by observing actual events that went on in Black communities and placing them in the article very descriptively. They were systematically described by the events being in order and giving readers a clear view of imagining what exactly was happening. As a result of all the evidence put together, Goffman (2009) found out that because black males had been incarcerated they were the main target of being incarcerated again because of their color, due to this fact they live in fear of going back to jail and are always on the run. They cannot keep a decent life and those around them such as family, friends, and girlfriends use the fact that they can be incarcerated again to their advantage to get money, keep them â€Å"in check†, and to get payback if they’ve been done wrong by them. Goffman (2009) also stated that, â€Å"Young men also turn their wanted status into a resource by using it to account for shortcomings or failures that may have occurred anyway,† (p. 354). These findings are accurately and adequately described so that readers can evaluate the claims and have a good picture of how their lives are affected. The research findings matter to me in a sense that I now have a much broader understanding on what black males go through in the type of neighborhoods that they live in. I was able to see how prejudice and racism also play a big role in young black male men being the target of being incarcerated. The issue in American society that may have shaped this article and research is racism because due to a male’s color they are automatically suspected of doing something wrong and whether or not they’ve done something wrong at the time they are taken to jail. Very much creditability should be given to the research and findings of this article because it helps us see the side of the story we did not know about. The research is solid and very useful because it helps us understand how and why young male black men live in fear and can’t lead a normal life without actually being caught by authorities. Goffman’s (2009) article helps provide a new outlook on how lives are in fact affected in Black neighborhoods.

African Elephant :: essays papers

African Elephant The common name is the African Elephant, the scientific name is Loxodonta Africana, the phylum is Vertebrata, the class is Mammalia, the order is Proboscidea, and the family is Elephantidae. The Closest Relatives to the African Elephant are: the Asian Elephant, mammoths, primitive proboscidean (mastodons), sea cows, and hyraxes. Scientists believe that the African Elephant evolved from one of its closest relatives, the Sea Cow. The geographical location and range of the African elephant covers all of central and southern Africa. In Ethiopia there are isolated populations that exist around Lake Chad in Mali and Mauritania. Also in Kenya, Rhodesia, Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda, Zaire, and in National parks located in South Africa, as well as several other countries. African Elephants, originally, were found in all of the Sub-Saharan African habitats except desert steppes. Elephants still occupy diverse habitats such as: temperate grassland, tropical savanna and grass lands, temperate fores t and rainforest, tropical rainforest, tropical scrub forest, and tropical deciduous forest despite their drastic decline in numbers. However, their migratory patterns and habitat use have changed, due to the fact that they are restricted to protected areas. The elephant can exist in many types of environments but it prefers places that have many trees and bushes, which the elephant needs both for food and shade. They also like warm areas that have plenty of rainfall. This ensures plenty of food, shade, and water. The elephant prefers a habitat of mixed woodland and grassland which gives them an opportunity to eat a variety of vegetation. African Elephants are considered herbivores, they are both browsers and grazers; they will eat rough sticks, stems and leaves of plants as well as grasses, sedges, and fruit. Their favorites are mangoes, berries and coconuts. An elephant eats up to 500 pounds of vegetation every day and drinks up to 50 gallons of water daily. Elephants must consume these giant quantities of food, due to their poor digestive system. The small intestine is 82 feet long, the large intestine 21 feet long, and the rectum adds a further 13 feet. The problem with the digestive tract lies in their gut; elephants have too few symbiotic bacteria. These are the organisms which help break down the cellulose of plant cell walls by producing enzymes called cellulases. The most remarkable feature of the elephant’s digestive system is its 5 feet long appendix, bigger than the stomach.

Education of Children with Learning Disabilities Essay -- Teaching Edu

Education of Children with Learning Disabilities For centuries, the education of children with learning disabilities has been a problem and a challenge. Many methods of teaching have been proposed, yet every day there are new techniques and strategies on how to achieve the maximum success of these children. The problem of educating a child cannot be solved quickly and easily, rather it requires much careful analysis and research. Workers in this field are developing new theories on a day-to-day basis. All the methods proposed seem to be the answer, yet the problem is not yet solved. Meanwhile, we must determine the best strategies for the most effective method of teaching a child with learning disabilities. Children whom we are discussing are those who are sometimes thought to be unprogressive or otherwise not achieving as well as they should at their age level in school. They are usually average children who experience extreme difficulty in learning how to read or to do mathematical problems, or who have difficulty in handling a pencil, buttoning buttons, or tying shoelaces. They can be harshly teased by their classmates for clumsiness or â€Å"stupidity,† and are frequently labeled as â€Å"disciplinary† problems by their teachers because they may act up in class in an attempt to blend in their lack of preparation. Their disabilities are often not recognized and many times these children grow up and go through life, still impaired, still making adjustments, never having been helped because the nature of their disability had not been recognized. Children with learning and behavioral difficulties have a lot in common with all children. They rarely exhibit any kinds of learning and behavior characteristics that are not also seen in the typical child. For example, many times they cannot tell the difference between similar letters or numbers. Many children also exhibit visual perceptual problems during their early exposure of reading instruction, but most children soon learn the appropriate visual discrimination and the associated letter sound, etc. However, it is the children that continue to experience these problems that are diagnosed as having learning difficulties. The proper identification of a learning problem is only the first step in the redemption process. Before the data obtained from testing and from subjective observations can have... ...mined by the capabilities of the child himself. There is a growing concern for children and youth with learning disabilities who have extreme difficulty both academically and in other areas despite their mental capability. The inquiry of the youngster who encounters extraordinary difficulty in learning, however, is not in anyway new. Throughout the years, children from all different surroundings and backgrounds have experienced difficulties in learning. Researchers and investigators have been trying to solve this problem. However, as of now, we may only come to one conclusion, that the best way to teach these children is to bring them up in a surrounding where they learn to develop a positive attitude toward themselves. The child must want to thrive and achieve his best. Whichever teaching method is chosen, whether it is mainstreaming or home-based, and the educator must have high expectations in order so that the child will gain self-confidence. This is only a guide, for it is clearly not a solution. It is most likely that a solution will never be found but rather we must work with each child as an individual so that he/she may reach his/her potential and achieve maximum success.

Impact of sea power upon history Essay

Introduction â€Å"The profound influence of sea commerce upon the wealth and strength of countries was clearly seen long before the true principles which governed its growth and prosperity were detected. † (Mahan 2004) Water covers over three-fourths of the earth’s surface. The entire human civilization lives on the remaining one-fourth area of earth. And only 3% of the entire water present on the earth’s surface is fresh water. This leaves most of the remaining part of earth’s water area, as large salty water bodies everyone knows by the name of seas or oceans. These are the facts known to all, but few really come to know and appreciate the power that seas have wielded in the development of civilization. Before man ventured out into the sea for traveling, he was just a semi-barbaric creature, with limited trading and social skills. As humans decided to venture beyond to uncharted sea territories, and discovered new lands and newer civilization, the world started to get close and hence the progress of mankind, other than strictly in the biological sense, came into picture. But, progress was not the only thing which sea brought; sometimes it also brought diseases like plague and big destructive wars to people residing on its shores. This paper will analyze all these issues, and will attempt to look at the effects these events brought to the civilization as a whole. â€Å"The history of Sea Power is largely, though by no means solely, a narrative of contests between nations, of mutual rivalries, of violence frequently culminating in war. † (Mahan 2004) History of Navigation History of Navigation can be traced back to centuries. Merchants in Egypt and Mesopotamia used to build large commercial vessels to carry and trade goods, more than 5500 years ago. In Egypt, sea voyage are even recorded in hieroglyphics, which can be dated back to 3200 BCE. One can take this as the starting point to trace the beginnings of navigation as a commercial pursuit. The first Western civilization in history, which is known to have developed the art of navigation at sea were the Phoenicians, more than 4,000 years ago. The popular stories of Helen of Troy were all related to sea travel. Phoenicians were in fact the first to use Pole Star for navigation, according to some accounts. Still under overcast skies, the navigation was usually based on sheer guesswork and intuition, till in about 2000 years ago, when Chinese created the first magnetized needle compass. This technique spread across the world in about a thousand years. In 12th and 13th centuries the science of making proper nautical charts and celestial almanacs began. By the 15th and 16th centuries, aggressive exploration of the world of the world started with explorers like Columbus getting funds from their respective Emperors to explore and enslave newer lands (Spera & Strom 2002). Nevertheless, it is wrong to think that the early explorers used to sail into the unknown without any idea of their final destination. It is true though that while searching for a specific land or route, the explorers were often surprised at the new lands they discovered. This was because many times the country they were seeking was only known in legend or rumor, the most famous example being Columbus, in the recent times. While the entire world is now charted and studied thoroughly, sea does not hold any less influence. The destruction brought by Tsunami is a very recent event. And even Mahan’s lines about sea and war, mentioned above, still hold true, as the countries still are always protecting themselves against attacks from other countries. Famous Historical battles Countless battles have been fought over the sea shaping the civilization, by up throwing older empires and making newer one. One of the most famous older battles is the Battle of Thermopylae between the Greek and Persians, changing the course of the entire war. As is mentioned in the section above, the aggressive exploration started in the 15th and 16th centuries, to enslave newer and older countries. Before this the exploration of the sea was usually only trade-oriented. Many of the 16th century explorations were funded by the reigning Monarchs who wished only to increase their area of reign (Stafford 2005). Major battles that were fought in this period were between English, Dutch, French and Spanish Monarchy. The popular battles were the Anglo-Dutch war 1665-1667, war England and France against united Provinces 1672-1674, between France and the entire Europe in1674-1678, battle of the Spanish succession 1702-1713 i. e. The Sea battle of Malaga, Sea battles between Britain and Spain 1748, Seven years war which establishes the English Supremacy over the seas 1756-1763, Naval war in America and West Indies in 1778-1781 which led the way to the American Revolution etc (Mahan 2004). These wars led to the building and destruction of colonies, and in turn exposed the people in the colonies to a wide array of culture and newer ideas which were previously only prevalent in the Europe, and had led to them being superiors over other cultures. Diseases brought by sea. Diseases is not a term usually associates with the sea, even though the possibilities are huge. However, the most destructive spread of Plague can be attributed to the seas and trade routes. Plague is one of the most destructive as well as the most incomprehensible disasters for humanity. While there is no direct relation between sea and plague, yet the spread of plague with sea from one to other port cities is a very relevant domain. The earliest and the best documented history of Plague was that of the Justinianic plague in the mid-sixth century. The Justinianic plague generally followed trading routes and therefore, was especially brutal to coastal cities. This plague originated either in Ethiopia, moving through Egypt, or in the Central Asian steppes, where it then traveled along the caravan trading routes. Finally through either of these locations the disease quickly spread throughout the Roman world and beyond (Smith 1996). Another very infamous Plague closely resembling, but much more destructive was the Black Death in 1348. The effect of sea on Plague is even worse in this case. The Plague started in China and made its way west across Asia to the Black Sea by 1347. One theory states that a group of infected Tartars besieged a Genoese outpost on the coast. Tartars harassed the trapped townspeople by hurling the dead bodies of their comrades over the town walls spreading the epidemic among the Genoese. The panicked inhabitants fled the scene by ship showing up in the ports of northern Italy and bringing the Black Death to Europe (www.eyewitnesstohistory. com). Conclusion The effect of sea on mankind has both – the positive effects of exchange of trade and ideas; and the negative effects of destruction and sometimes fatal diseases. One thing is clear however, no matter what the situation was, the mankind always managed to surge ahead learning newer things and forging newer relations. This has in the end brought only positive influences to the mankind in the longer run. References Books Mahan A. T, â€Å"The Influence of Sea Power Upon History†, 2004, Gutenberg. Stafford J, â€Å"Some Principles of Maritime Strategy†, February 16, 2005, Gutenberg Magazines Spera G, Strom S. R, â€Å"The Back Page: A Brief History of Human Navigation†, Crosslink Volume 3, Number 2, 2002, http://www. aero. org/publications/crosslink/summer2002/backpage. html Journals Smith C. A, â€Å"Plague in the Ancient World: A Study from Thucydides to Justinian†, The Student Historical Journal, 1996-97, http://www. loyno. edu/~history/journal/1996-7/Smith. html Websites â€Å"The Black Death, 1348,† EyeWitness to History, www. eyewitnesstohistory. com, 2001.

Launching our Reedsy Project Protection

Launching our Reedsy Project Protection Launching our Reedsy Project Protection Establishing a safe place for authors and publishersOur goal with Reedsy since the very beginning has been to create a safe place for authors and publishers to work seamlessly with the best publishing talent. We envisioned a place where they could be certain that every single collaboration would be a success.Although our careful curation process has helped bring about this reality, we wanted to make it more official. That’s why we just released our Reedsy Project Protection  policy, contained within our Terms of Use.  Here is an excerpt:Service Provider Reedsy account should be suspended or terminated for breaching the Terms of Use.Furthermore, both clients (authors, publishers) and service providers (editors, designers, marketers, ghostwriters, etc.) are bound by the  Mandatory Terms  of their  Service Contracts on Reedsy. These relate to the client materials, IP rights, payments, warranties, cancellation periods, confidentiality and data protection. More about it i n section 5. of our Terms of Use.A unique value propositionOf course, we're not the only services company in the publishing industry to offer similar protection and guarantees on projects. A lot of places will claim they have "satisfaction" or "money-back guarantees". What is really powerful about ours, though, is that it applies to a marketplace  - a network of very different individuals. Whoever the author or publisher chooses to work with on Reedsy, we protect their project. You don’t just get safety, you get safety and choice. Why is choice important? If you’re an author, we believe that one of the most crucial steps in your career is finding the right editor. We encourage authors to contact more than one editor on our marketplace, because doing so increases your chances of finding someone with a communication style you understand, someone you really connect with.If you’re a publisher, you will have to work on different books, from different authors, and often across different genres. Because of this, you will likely need different professionals and skill-sets to meet the editorial needs across your list. Reedsy provides you with a wide range of accessible talent and â€Å"insures† your collaboration with every single one of them.Now that you know why we’re doing this, let’s explain why we can.It’s all about curationWe have had over 1,500 collaborations  on the Reedsy platform so far, and only in 1% of the cases have we  had to step in and mediate, or issue a refund as a third party.There is a very simple reason for that: we put in a lot of  work to vet every single professional who applies to our marketplace, and only accept around 2% of applicants. Moreover, once they’re â€Å"in†, we monitor their response rates and activity on the marketplace to make sure they keep up to our standards of responsiveness and professionalism.It’s actually very easy for us to tell you â€Å"you won’t be disappointed† and put our money where our mouth is, because we know our professionals. We’ve hand-picked them ourselves, we know they do a good job.Let us prove it to you. And as always, let us know in the comments if you have any questions.

Free Essays on Construction Management

Construction Management Construction management is a very involving and important career. The definition of this career area is basically the management of construction. This may consist of management of the actual site or the politics behind the raw building. This definition, while imprecise and broad, is in essence the heart of the field. It can be more precisely defined through the specifics of the job. Employers around the world are constantly looking for employees with the broad skills and experience to oversee jobsites and all of the mechanics and aspects of construction. Every construction job requires an overseer, someone who has attained the knowledge and skill to maintain an efficient and quality job. Construction management is a broad career choice that is a very important component in the success of a jobsite. Whether it be a corporate building or a home remodel job, a construction manager is just that, the manager of every stage from start to finish. The job of the Manager is to control and extinguish emergencies, such as delays and bad weather, boost employee morale, and schedule and coordinate the design and construction processes. Managers oversee and take part in managing people, supplies, materials, budgets, schedules and contracts of the various people involved. For very large buildings, construction managers are divided into segments. Managers will be split up to oversee and coordinate a specific area of the construction like site preparation, from the excavation to the surveying. Construction managers also take care of the details of the project before there is any ground breaking. Managers evaluate different methods of building and materials to determine the mos t cost affective budget for construction. At the same time managers calculate the most efficient way of building to yield the quickest schedule. Computer software is often times used to estimate and calculate this. Construction managers ... Free Essays on Construction Management Free Essays on Construction Management Construction Management Construction management is a very involving and important career. The definition of this career area is basically the management of construction. This may consist of management of the actual site or the politics behind the raw building. This definition, while imprecise and broad, is in essence the heart of the field. It can be more precisely defined through the specifics of the job. Employers around the world are constantly looking for employees with the broad skills and experience to oversee jobsites and all of the mechanics and aspects of construction. Every construction job requires an overseer, someone who has attained the knowledge and skill to maintain an efficient and quality job. Construction management is a broad career choice that is a very important component in the success of a jobsite. Whether it be a corporate building or a home remodel job, a construction manager is just that, the manager of every stage from start to finish. The job of the Manager is to control and extinguish emergencies, such as delays and bad weather, boost employee morale, and schedule and coordinate the design and construction processes. Managers oversee and take part in managing people, supplies, materials, budgets, schedules and contracts of the various people involved. For very large buildings, construction managers are divided into segments. Managers will be split up to oversee and coordinate a specific area of the construction like site preparation, from the excavation to the surveying. Construction managers also take care of the details of the project before there is any ground breaking. Managers evaluate different methods of building and materials to determine the mos t cost affective budget for construction. At the same time managers calculate the most efficient way of building to yield the quickest schedule. Computer software is often times used to estimate and calculate this. Construction managers ...

American Views essays

American Views essays America is a place of freedom and independence. Our country is considered by most to be the best country in the world. America has not always been what it is now. Explorers, settlers, and Indians all affected the American continent and made it into what it is today. America was not discovered or explored until the late fifteenth century. The explorers were amazed by the mysterious new world; the settlers were ignorant of the land and its people (the Native American Indians); and the Indians were respectful of their home and learned to live with nature. Many people explored the new world in search of great things. People such as Coronado searched for gold and riches, while others like Columbus simply stumbled upon the land. Christopher Columbus, the discoverer of America, liked the new world and found it fascinating. He never really developed a hate for the land, this may be because he never spent a lot of time actually on the land near the Indians. His purpose was not to explore the continent, it was merely a misshapen he discovered the large mass of land anyway. Columbus thought that America was a great place with a great climate and much to offer. Another explorer, Cabeza de Vaca and his men lived with the Indians in their harsh environment for eight months. The weather was miserable, the food was scarce, and the terrain was rough. These explorers had no idea what to expect from the new world, but they soon found out. They soon came to respect the land, working hard to survive. Their views differed from Columbus ! because they experienced the New World first hand for a long period of time. The explorers opinion of America varied according to why they were on the land. Some were in search of riches, others in seek of land, and others had no purpose-just luck. The first settlers held similar views as the explorers, but the settlers chose to settle on the land for longer periods o ...

Legalizing marijuna Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legalizing marijuna - Essay Example Different stakeholders foster different reasoning on the issues, but it is more realistic that the government should legalize the drug since the economy is losing billions of dollars on the drug through illegal trade; the money that can possibly develop other aspects of the economy. Besides, marijuana has numerous medicinal uses – a fact which has contributed to the increasing number of users of the drug in the American society. The illegal market is an informal term used in reference to the unofficial market. Activities in such markets lack government accreditation and are, therefore, illegal. In fact, the government prefers to assume that the market is nonexistence in the American economy. On the contrary, the market is rife in the country and is the leading cause for the infiltration of illegal firearms and other drugs. Marijuana is a commonly used drug among the numerous social groupings in American social circles, a fact that implies that the government loses a lot of mon ey by failing to recognize such trades (Barton 12). By legalizing the drug, the government makes it an official product in the market and, therefore, gains better regulation to its usage as it currently does with tobacco products and alcohol. Additionally, the government stands to gain tax benefits and provide employment to thousands of people currently peddling the drugs most of whom will seek legitimate certification to handle and dispense the drug. The failure to legitimize the drug contributes to the rise in crime thereby inflating the government budget on security. Police and federal law enforcement officers use resources worth millions of dollars investigating and apprehending drug peddlers. Unfortunately, the more they arrest, the more new operators arise to continue the lucrative marijuana market. This, therefore, requires the government to use a lot of money alongside other resources in keeping the street drugs free (Jamerson 40). The fact that they have not succeeded thus far makes it a loss to the taxpayers whose money is literally wasted. With effective legislations, the drug can possibly gain access to the American market thereby making it easier to manage its sale and its subsequent usage. This would earn the economy the excess money and other resources that the police and other state officers use in containing the ever-increasing black market. By considering the drug illegal, the government discourages other secondary researches on the drug. However, scientific proof has established that the drug has numerous medicinal uses implying that with more research; a lot about the chemical composition of the plant may result in better drugs to some of the most notorious diseases. Marijuana smoking reduces gramps and the menstrual discomforts; the drug also treats such serious ailments as cancer while it slows down tumor growth and seizure. Generally, the drug is beneficial and with government permission, scientists would foster more researches on the dr ug and find better treatments to some of the most dangerous diseases. Cancer, for example, is an incurable disease that claims thousands of lives in the country annually; researches have established that marijuana has an effect similar to that of the antiretroviral drug on Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome victims. The drug can, therefore, make the thousands more productive for longer periods thereby foster the country’

International banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International banking - Essay Example Having considered these two versions of definition for funding liquidity, it is also worth noting here that some experts (Brunnemeier and Pedersen, 2007; Strahan, 2008) have defined liquidity from traders and investors’ perspectives, by stating that it refers to their capability and potential to raise funds in short term. In cases when banks are unable to make timely payments or traders or investors are unable to generate funds from the market, as readily as they could have, there is a situation involving funding liquidity risk. International Monetary Fund (2008) defines funding liquidity risk by stating that it is the lack of capability of a financial institution to discharge its liabilities or financial obligations in due time. Normally, funding liquidity risk emerges from availability issues pertaining to the following sources of funding liquidity: Trading of Assets; Securitization; Loan Syndication; and Obtaining loans from Secondary Market. Having considered these factors , it is not a simple task to measure funding liquidity risk. ... t process for funding liquidity, Drehmann and Nikolaou (2008) have suggested a more simplistic measure for funding liquidity risk while keeping in view the central bank as the source for funding liquidity. The adjusted bid is denoted by the following expression: On the basis of this adjusted bid determination expression, Drehmann and Nikolaou (2008) then constructed a proxy for the funding liquidity risk, which is the sum of all bids made by all banks. The proxy is presented as follows: Or in other words: The review of theoretical and empirical literature pertaining to funding liquidity risk shows that increased risk associated with funding liquidity reflects an increased valuation of bids in the market, as investors and traders seek more return for higher risk assets. In order to normalize the bid price, Drehmann and Nikolaou (2008) have introduced the concept of adjusted bid, which is ultimately used in the measurement of liquidity funding risk. Having discussed funding liquidity, funding liquidity risk and its measurement, it is now relatively a simple task to describe and understand market liquidity, which in a similar manner, refers to the ability of traders to sell and/or buy assets in the market with no or little influence on its price and at lowest possible costs (Hooker & Kohn, 1994). Market liquidity relates directly to the cost of an asset in the market. It is the bid-ask spread aimed at determining the loss caused to sellers upon selling an asset in the market and purchasing it again at the same time. Another factor which relates to market liquidity is the â€Å"market depth†. Market depth is depictive of the number of units of an asset traders are willing to trade while keeping in view the existing prices, i.e. both for bid and ask, provided that no changes

HIMSS Virtual Conference Reaction Paper-due november 16th Essay - 1

HIMSS Virtual Conference Reaction Paper-due november 16th - Essay Example The HIMSS Virtual Conference and Expo held in 3-4th November, 2010 focused on the various aspects and opportunities for attaining a meaningful use of health IT in various healthcare settings for the improvement of health and healthcare. The event was highly interactive and educative because of the live chats, real-time participant movement, contests and vendor presentations. The conference brought together leading industry vendors and influential decision-makers. It allowed the participants to interact with qualified executives and share industry knowledge, get extensive brand exposure and generate qualified sales. The HIMSS Virtual Conference and Expo held in June 8th and 9th 2011 focused on various models and methods that are used in different care settings like the health information exchanges, hospitals, clinical practices among others to transform healthcare. This conference was a transformational approach to healthcare. The importance of health IT was one important thing that was spoken of. Dr. Carol Steltankamp, Chief Medical Information Officer, UK HealthCare explained that a revolution in healthcare today focuses on increasing quality and efficiencies, enhancing revenue and preventing errors by leveraging health IT (HIMSS virtual conference and expo June 8-9th, 2011, 9:00-10:00 AM CT session). The conference was fully interactive because of the live chats, online learning, education sessions and industry solutions seminars. Participants were given a chance to interact with the speakers after presentations, chat with the attendees in the networking lounge and discuss the even on discuss the event on facebook and twitter. The conference was fun as it provided a chance for reconnecting with colleagues and make new meaningful connections. The HIMSS Virtual Conference which took place on 2nd-3rd November, 2011 was a continuing education conference.

What is ethnicity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What is ethnicity - Essay Example Certainly, they often co-exist and it is hardly uncommon that the latter be invoked by the former but, both contemporary and historical events evidence the fact that nationalism can be independent from the nation.2 Not only may feelings of nationalism precede the geo-political realization of the nation, as in the case of Palestine or Kurdistan but it often survives the demise of the nation, as in the case of Armenia, to name but one example. While some scholars have disputed the separation between nationalism and the nation, others have maintained it to be an undeniable reality which is influenced by the ethnic roots of nationalism. Pending the presentation of definitions for both the nation and nationalism, through reference to several examples, this essay will show that nationalism is more ethnic-based than it is nation-based. Some political scientists maintain that nationalism and the nation are inseparable contrasts, wherein the one cannot exist without the other. This is precisely the argument forwarded by Seymour (1999), a political scholar. As he argues, defining the concept of nationalism without first defining that of the nation is nothing other than a futile and impossible undertaking. The nation must first be defined and to this end, Seymour proposes the following definition: "a sovereign state founded upon the will of the people," and an area which a people of specific ethnic origin claims to be theirs and are prepared to defend this claim against any aggression.3 The nation, in other words, is defined in specific geopolitical terms and refers to a well-defined geographic space. That space invokes nationalism, or feelings of pride, often even defensiveness when real or imagined threats are perceived. When invoked by real or imagined threats, whether internal, as in emanating from within that spac e, or external, as in emerging from without it, nationalism tends to assume an ethnic undertone. In such instance, the nationalism becomes ethno-nationalism, leading to the redefinition of the nation in ethnic terms.4 The implication here is that not only are the concepts of the nation and nationalism inextricably linked but that the invocation of nationalist sentiments, of nationalism, is dependant upon the existence of the nation. Should one reflect upon Seymour's definition and argument, however, one will find that it is somewhat self-contradictory. On the one hand, it maintains that nationalism can only be invoked by the nation, following which it proceeds to define the nation as a concrete geopolitical entity. On the other hand, however, it argues that when the nation, that concrete geopolitical entity, is exposed to threat, not only does nationalism become ethno-nationalism but that the nation itself is redefined along ethnic lines. The implication here is that the core of nationalism is not the nation but is ethnicity which, at the same time, is the center-force of the nation. This is precisely the argument forwarded by May, Modood and Squires (2005). As may be inferred from their argument, nations are formed by ethnic communities and are founded upon ethnicity, wherein nationalism becomes the celebration of a particular ethnic or religious group and the nation the space which protects and sustains this g roup. 5 Israel is a case in point. As Yiftachel (2006) points out, Jewish nationalism, sometimes referred to as Zionism, preceded formation of the Jewish nation and, indeed, the nation was predicated upon pre-existing nationalism6 and not, as Seymour (1999) argues,

Electronic medical record implementation in correctional facilities Assignment

Electronic medical record implementation in correctional facilities - Assignment Example A carefully designed and well managed continuous monitoring program may effectively transform an otherwise static electronic medical records technology. Monitoring also helps in determining emerging risks and barriers during the implementation process. This offers fundamental information to the relevant change managers and the corrective facility officials to identify risks, take mitigations actions, and make credible decisions with regard to the operation of the electronic medical records. While implementing electronic health records in correctional facilities, two main methods will be employed to monitor the change process. These are the issue log monitoring and surveys. Issue log monitoring One approach to monitor the implementation of electronic health record is to employ the issue log or to make an extra log for concerns. Concerns in the case of electronic health records refer to the matters that are not directly actionable or solvable. Taking that the staff and the implementing teal are meticulous in reporting record keeping and information technology related matters, the frequency and severity of issues may signal an emerging problems. This is especially so when sudden increases in a certain concern are observed in a single area. If the management or the change facilitator compares the issues arising or issues log with the risk register that identifies risks associated with electronic records change, certain aspects in the issues log will stand out and may be construed as increasing risks potential. This calls for a contingency plan to be instituted to deal with the problem that may arise (Schwalbe, 2006). Surveys Surveys in form of questions to monitor fundamental elements of electronic health records offer a structured manner to monitoring organizational change risks. In this manner; the change implementation team makes a assessment premeditated to draw out feedback from the organization and the staff on their perception of the project. Survey also hel ps to identify the organizational change factors that may contribute to the success or failure of the implementation effort. By carrying out surveys and assessment at various intervals and comparing results from assessment to assessment, the implementing team can swiftly establish areas that necessitate more consideration and intercession. While making and conducting an assessment, it is essential to represent extra time and cost to the electronic records technology, various benefits needs to be considered. One benefit is that gathering time and cost information forces regular and system review of the project as it is perceived by the impacted employees and patients. As the analysis is employed from time to time, it can be enhanced and reused (Schwalbe, 2006). Additionally, the analysis can speedily gather feedback from a large part of the organization, enhancing the visibility of the electronic records implementation project and minimizing unexpected or unwarranted reactions. The r elationship between the organization’s related processes, systems, and personal or professional roles and their affect on EHR The provision of electronic health records in correctional facilities is an increasingly involving exercise. Complexities arise due to the complexities of correctional facility services and systems, as well as the various processes and relationships. Electronic health r

What is ethnicity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What is ethnicity - Essay Example Certainly, they often co-exist and it is hardly uncommon that the latter be invoked by the former but, both contemporary and historical events evidence the fact that nationalism can be independent from the nation.2 Not only may feelings of nationalism precede the geo-political realization of the nation, as in the case of Palestine or Kurdistan but it often survives the demise of the nation, as in the case of Armenia, to name but one example. While some scholars have disputed the separation between nationalism and the nation, others have maintained it to be an undeniable reality which is influenced by the ethnic roots of nationalism. Pending the presentation of definitions for both the nation and nationalism, through reference to several examples, this essay will show that nationalism is more ethnic-based than it is nation-based. Some political scientists maintain that nationalism and the nation are inseparable contrasts, wherein the one cannot exist without the other. This is precisely the argument forwarded by Seymour (1999), a political scholar. As he argues, defining the concept of nationalism without first defining that of the nation is nothing other than a futile and impossible undertaking. The nation must first be defined and to this end, Seymour proposes the following definition: "a sovereign state founded upon the will of the people," and an area which a people of specific ethnic origin claims to be theirs and are prepared to defend this claim against any aggression.3 The nation, in other words, is defined in specific geopolitical terms and refers to a well-defined geographic space. That space invokes nationalism, or feelings of pride, often even defensiveness when real or imagined threats are perceived. When invoked by real or imagined threats, whether internal, as in emanating from within that spac e, or external, as in emerging from without it, nationalism tends to assume an ethnic undertone. In such instance, the nationalism becomes ethno-nationalism, leading to the redefinition of the nation in ethnic terms.4 The implication here is that not only are the concepts of the nation and nationalism inextricably linked but that the invocation of nationalist sentiments, of nationalism, is dependant upon the existence of the nation. Should one reflect upon Seymour's definition and argument, however, one will find that it is somewhat self-contradictory. On the one hand, it maintains that nationalism can only be invoked by the nation, following which it proceeds to define the nation as a concrete geopolitical entity. On the other hand, however, it argues that when the nation, that concrete geopolitical entity, is exposed to threat, not only does nationalism become ethno-nationalism but that the nation itself is redefined along ethnic lines. The implication here is that the core of nationalism is not the nation but is ethnicity which, at the same time, is the center-force of the nation. This is precisely the argument forwarded by May, Modood and Squires (2005). As may be inferred from their argument, nations are formed by ethnic communities and are founded upon ethnicity, wherein nationalism becomes the celebration of a particular ethnic or religious group and the nation the space which protects and sustains this g roup. 5 Israel is a case in point. As Yiftachel (2006) points out, Jewish nationalism, sometimes referred to as Zionism, preceded formation of the Jewish nation and, indeed, the nation was predicated upon pre-existing nationalism6 and not, as Seymour (1999) argues,

What are computer viruses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What are computer viruses - Essay Example The operating system basically creates an environment in which the application programs can function. Operating system deals with the program execution i.e. loading the program to memory, executing the program and ending or terminating the program. It helps with the identification of errors such as traffic errors or shortage or memory. Operating systems are involved in allocation of resources within the different computer programs according to their need levels and subject to availability of memory and other resources. Input and output functions regarding different files and devices are also performed by the operating system. Some other functions that the operating system performs are file management, the renaming of files and storage are looked at in this section; security is another core aspect of operating systems, its provides protection to programs and different data; accounting is another aspect that is handled by the operating system, in this basically it maintains a record of the resources that have been used by different

Antisocial Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Antisocial Behaviour Essay In Britain antisocial behaviour between young people is a widely argued subject in the British media. More and more Brits at the age 13-18 are dropping out of school or work-based training and refuse to return. These young people are more than likely to face criminal action possibly leading to a fine or community sentence. But when we are talking about the term â€Å"Anti-social Behaviour†, then we need to know what it exactly means. The British â€Å"crime disorder act† of 1998 describes the term n anti-social manner, that is to say, in a manner that caused or was likely to cause harassment, alarm or distress to one or more persons So to simplify, Antisocial behaviour is when a person is forced by his or hers environment to cause harassment to one-self or the persons surroundings, and as far as I understand the subject antisocial behaviour does not have to be of criminal nature, but it is more than likely to be so. In 2007 the percentage of 16 to 17-year-olds not in education, employment or training was 9 percent. It is exactly these young people who are the targets for becoming antisocial. So how do you make sure that these unfortunate teenagers don’t end in this so unfortunate situation and is it possible to force the teenagers to behave in a more civilised way? There are actually many suggestions for a solution to this nationwide problem. Some of them are quit controversial and are more likely to stop antisocial teenagers doing crime, than to prevent teenagers to not at all become antisocial. One of these alternative solutions is the â€Å"Mosquito† which is a sonic device that gives out a piercing noise audible only to teenagers and people in there early twenties. This device has been installed as a â€Å"yob† (slang for an antisocial person) deterrent at nearly 3,000 locations such as grocers and shopping malls across Great Britain. This Mosquito is a camouflaged speaker box not larger than shoebox and it sends out a pulse at 18 kilohertz which in the last end will give the young people acting antisocial in front of the store a terrible headache so they quickly leave the store. This method of fighting antisocial behaviour among teens has been shown very effective. In some stores in the UK crime outside the stores had dropped by 83 % since the device was installed. The device has actually earned so much respect among shopkeepers and government officials that some are considering that the Mosquito should be obligatory by law in most public places by night. So it is quite obvious to see all the positive aspects but not all are so enthusiastic. Chief constables in Britain say they are scared the Mosquito is going to infringe human rights. Authorities say that the device is indiscriminating and that people should consider the effects on the young people, because not all young people are antisocial yobs. So you can see that the meanings about the Mosquito vary quite a lot. The device is very effective against the teens that already are in the antisocial environment but the device is not at all preventive. So what could be done if you the British teenagers to not even think about becoming antisocial. The British former PM Tony Blair wants to force errant schoolchildren back to school by using dedicated truancy officers which will be deployed in the 200 schools with biggest yob and truancy problems. This plan spans over using more than ? 70m to stamp out antisocial behaviour, as well as 24,000 community support officers will also be conducting these truancy sweeps so they can force the teens back to school. The plan does also include tougher punishments to the yobs when they get caught. This is of course a very controversial method to tackle antisocial behaviour but it could be showing really effective because it is preventive and helps the teenagers in trouble before they become antisocial yobs. But of course as mentioned by opponents of the plan, the plan is so ambitious and expensive that it more looks like â€Å"a mish-mash of gimmick and spin† than an actual plan, which within realistic measures would be preventive without costing the country enormous amounts of money and labour. So here we have two very different plans which in two very different ways will deal with two very important parts of the subject antisocial behaviour among British teens. I do not think that there is any exactly solution to this very important problem in British cities, small towns and schools but of course the Mosquito has already proven its worth in more than 3,000 locations with success and has made it safer for those people being harassed by the yobs in the public. But unfortunately the Mosquito does not help educating the teens; it just makes the yobs find an other place for them to be at. The most important factor in this case is that you need to stop the antisocial behaviour in its process and not when it already has affected the young teenagers. So perhaps Tony Blair’s plan is the right way to do it, though I personally believe that the plan is way too focussed on hard punishment than in are pedagogical way. I don’t believe that tough punishment is the way of teaching youngsters today.

Observational Evidence for Dark Energy

Observational Evidence for Dark Energy In this part we concisely discuss the observational evidence of dark energy. The universe seems to be growing at an increasing rate. Dark energy is one of the ultimate cosmological mysteries in modern physics. Even Albert Einstein thinks of a repulsive force, called the cosmological constant, which would counter gravity and keep the universe stable. He unrestrained the idea when astronomer Edwin Hubble experimentally discovered in 1929 that the universe is expanding. Observational evidence for dark energy didn’t come along until 1998; when two teams of researchers discovered it. Some believe that is because the universe is filled with a dark energy that working in the opposite way of gravity. The value for the expansion rate is 73.8 kilometers per second per mega parsec. It means that for every further million parsecs (3.26 million light-years) a galaxy is from Earth, the galaxy seems to be roving 73.8 kilometers per second quicker away from us. Luminosity distance: In 1998 the accelerated expansion of the universe was pointed out by two groups from the observations of Type IA Supernova. We regularly use a redshift to portray the development of the universe. This is identified with the way that light emitted by stellar objects gets to be red-shift because of the emerging of the universe. The wavelength increases proportionally to the scale factor, whose impact might be calculated by the redshift, An alternate essential idea identified with observational tools in an expanding background is associated to the definition of a distance. Actually there are a few methods for measuring separations in the extending universe. For example one frequently manages the comoving separation which stays unaltered throughout the advancement and the physical separation which scales relatively to the scale variable. An alternative method for characterizing a separation is through the luminosity of stellar objects. The separation known as the luminosity distance, assumes an extremely vital part in space science including the Supernova observations. In Minkowski space time the absolute luminosity of the source and the energy flux at a distance d is related through By summing up this to an expanding universe, the luminosity distance, , is defined as Give us a chance to think about an object with total luminosity located at a coordinate distance from a viewer at .The energy of light emitted from the object with time interval is indicated as while the energy which arrives at the domain with radius is written as . We note that and are relative to the frequencies of light at andi.e. and. The luminosities and are , The speed of light is given by, where and are the wavelengths at and. At that point from Eq. (29) we have Also we have used .Linking eqn and eqn The light traveling along the χ direction fulfills the geodesic equation .We then get Where .From the FRW metric [] we find that the region of the circle at is given by .Consequently the observed energy flux is Substituting eqn () we find the luminosity distance in an expanding universe: In the flat FRW background with we can find So the Hubble rate can be stated in term of If we amount the luminosity distance observationally, we can conclude the expansion rate of the universe. The energy density on the right hand side of Equation contains all components present in the universe. Here and link to the equation of state and the present energy density of each component, respectively. where is the density parameter for an individual component at the present age. Hence the luminosity distance in a flat geometry is given by Type 1a Supernova (Standard Candles): To discover distances in space, scientists use entities called standard candles. Standard candles are objects that give a certain, known measure of light. Since cosmologists know how intense these objects actually are, they can measure their separation from us by investigating how dim they appear. For instance, say youre remaining on a road equitably lined with lampposts. As indicated by an equation known as the inverse square law, the second streetlamp will look one-fourth as brilliant as the first streetlamp, and the third streetlamp will look one-ninth as splendid as the first streetlamp, etc. By judging the dimness of their light, you can without much of a stretch figure how far away the streetlamps are as they extend into the separation. For short separations in space — inside our world or inside our neighborhood gathering of adjacent universes — cosmologists utilize a kind of star called a Cepheid variable as a standard candles. These adolescent stars pulse with a brilliance that firmly identifies with the time between beats. By watching the way the star beats, cosmologists can ascertain its real brilliance. Anyway past the neighborhood gathering of universes, telescopes cant make out distinct stars. They can just recognize substantial gatherings of stars. To measure separations to far-flung systems, in this manner, space experts need to discover inconceivably brilliant objects. The immediate confirmation for the current acceleration of the universe is identified with the perception of luminosity distances of high redshift supernovae .The clear magnitude of the source with an absolute magnitude is identified to the luminosity distance through the This originates from taking the logarithm of Eqn () by noting that and are identified with the logarithms of and, individually. The numerical variables emerge in view of customary meanings of and in astronomy. The Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) might be watched when white small stars surpass the mass of the Chandrasekhar limit and blast. The belief is that (SN Ia) are structured in the same way regardless of where they are in the universe, which implies that they have a typical total size M autonomous of the redshift z. Hence they might be dealt with as a perfect â€Å"standard candle†. We can measure the apparent magnitude and the redshift observationally, which obviously relies on the objects we observe. Let us think about two supernovae at low-redshift with and at high-redshift with. As we have effectively said, the radiance separation is roughly given by.By means of the apparent magnitude of at; we find that absolute magnitude is evaluated by from equation. Here we received the quality with At that point the luminosity distance of is gotten by substituting and for equation From Eq. () the theoretical guess for the luminosity distance in a two component flat universe is This estimation is obviously predictable with that needed for a dark energy dominated universe. In 2004 Riess et al. [85] reported the measurement of 16 high redshift with redshift with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). By including 170 previously known data points, they demonstrated that the universe exhibited a transition from deceleration to acceleration at confidence level. A best-fit quality of was discovered to be In Ref. [86] a probability investigation was performed by counting the data set by Tonry et al. [87] together with the one by Riess et al. [85]. The observational qualities of the luminosity density versus redshift together with the theoretical curves determined from Eq. (41). This shows that a matter dominated universe without a cosmological constant does not fit to the facts. A best-fit assessment of got in a joint study of Ref. [86] is, which is reliable with the result by Riess et al. [85]. See additionally Refs. [88] for late papers about the data analysis . A correlation is made of the constraints on models of dark energy from supernova and CMB insights. The authors argue that models favored by these perceptions lie in unique parts of the parameter space at the same time there is no cover of areas permitted at the 68% certainty level. They happen to propose that this may demonstrate unresolved systematic errors in one of the observations, with supernova observations being more likely to suffer from this problem due to the very heterogeneous nature of the information sets accessible at the time. Current observations of high redshift supernovae from the Super- Nova Legacy Survey have been issued. The overview has planned to diminish efficient failures by utilizing just high quality observations focused around utilizing a solitary instrument to observe the fields. The case is that through a rolling search strategy the sources are not lost and information is of dominant quality. Jassal et al. assert that the information set is in better con currence with WMAP. At the end of the day the high redshift supernova information from the SNLS (Supernova Legacy Survey) task is in superb concurrence with CMB observations. It leaves open the current state of supernova observation and their examination, as thought about to that of the CMB. It ought to be highlighted that the accelerated expansion is by cosmological standards truly a late-time phenomenon, beginning at a redshift .From equation the deceleration parameter is given by For the two component flat cosmology, the universe enters an accelerating phase for When, we have. The issue of why an accelerated extension ought to happen presently in the long history of the universe is known as the â€Å"coincidence problem†. We have focused in this area on the use of as standard candles. There are other conceivable candles that have been proposed and are actively being researched. One such approach has been to utilize FRIIB radio universes [93, 94]. From the comparing redshift angular size information it is conceivable to constrain cosmological parameters in a dark energy scalar field model. The derived constraints are discovered to be reliable with yet for the most part weaker than those decided utilizing Type supernova redshift-magnitude data. Nonetheless, in Ref. [95], the creators have gone further What’s more created a model-free approach (i.e. free of presumptions about the manifestation of the dim vitality) utilizing a set of 20 radio systems out to a redshift z ∠¼ 1.8, which is more remote than the SN Ia information can arrive at. They presume that the current perceptions show the universe travels from quickening to deceleration at a redshift more terrific than 0.3, with a best fit assessment of about 0.45, and have best fit qualities for the matter and dull vitality commitments to in wide concurrence with the SN Ia gauge An alternate proposed standard candle is that of Gamma Beam Blasts (GRB), which may empower the development rate of our Universe to be apportioned to high redshifts (z > 5). Hooper and Dodelson [96] have investigated this plausibility and found that GRB can possibly distinguish dull vitality at high measurable criticalness, however in the fleeting are unrealistic to be aggressive with future supernovae missions, for example, SNAP, in measuring the properties of the dull vitality. In the event that anyway, it turns out there is obvious dull vitality at promptly times, GRBs will give a fantastic test of that administration, and will be a genuine supplement for the SN Ia information. This is a quickly advancing field and there has as of late been declared provisional confirmation for a dynamical mathematical statement of state for dim vitality, taking into account GRB information out to redshifts of request 5 [97]. It is excessively early to say whether this is the right translation, or whether GRB are great standard candles, however the exact truth they could be seen out to such expansive redshifts, implies that in the event that they do end up being standard candles, they will be exceptionally huge supplements to the SN Ia information sets, and conceivably more critical. Cosmic Wave Background The case for an accelerating universe additionally accepted autonomous support from Cosmic microwave Background (CMB). The presence of Dark energy, in whatever structure, is required to accommodate the measured geometry of space with the aggregate sum of matter in the universe. Estimations of cosmic microwave background anisotropies, most as of late by the WMAP satellite, demonstrate that the universe is nearly flat. For the state of the universe to be flat, the mass-energy density of the universe must be equivalent to a certain critical density. The aggregate sum of matter in the universe (counting baryons and dark matter), as measured by the CMB, represents just about 30% of the critical density. This suggests the presence of an additional form of energy to represent the staying 70% [21]. Dark energy and Inflation The flatness and the horizon issues of the standard big bang cosmology are serious to the point that the hypothesis appears to oblige some essential adjustments of the theory made in this way. The most exquisite result is to assume that the universe has experienced a non-adiabatic period and additionally through a period of accelerated expansion, throughout which physical scales evolved much quicker than the horizon scale .This time of positive acceleration, of the primitive universe is called inflation. The inflationary theory is appealing in light of the fact that it holds out the likelihood of determining cosmological amounts, given the Lagrangian portraying the fundamental interactions. In the setting of the Standard Model, it is most certainly not conceivable to join expansion, however this ought not be viewed as a serious problem in light of the fact that the Standard Model itself obliges alterations at higher energy scales, for reasons that have nothing to do with cosmology. The negative dynamic gravitational mass thickness connected with a positive cosmological constant is an early sign of the inflation representation of the early universe; inflation in turn is one sign of the idea that might simplify into evolving dark energy.

Drive-by Shootings on Londons Streets :: Expository Essays Research Papers

Drive-by Shootings on London's Streets Close your eyes and sit back in your recliner. Let the cool breeze refresh you as you relax in your hardwood floored den and sip your English tea. Now picture London. What kind of an image comes to mind? Perhaps the sophisticated languages of its inhabitants or just the aura of properness that encompasses typical visions of the great city of London. I am not writing to deny the eloquence of London, I am instead writing to challenge the notion of sophistication that many of us hold true to London. Could a city of such brilliance and royalty ever fester with the day to day problems that we witness daily in our own country? I argue, yes. When one thinks of America, the thoughts tend to centralize around, "The American Dream". The truth is, the American dream is no longer an ideal that all strive to obtain. Instead the title is now a preface to a long novel of "dog eat dog". America is full of competition to reach the ideal of stability, family life, and security. It seems that the way many Americans attempt to gratify their dreams is to lie, cheat, scheme, and that is just the beginning. Lately, the petty competition has led to drugs, crime, and hideous acts of violence. Unfortunately, the trend is catching on. London, England seems to have joined in the "rat race" and the London news has the headlines to prove it. It seems that something is gone from the "old" England, or at least the way it used to be perceived. Crime in London is at an all time high and the amount of drug use and violence is soaring. Although several Americans are already well acquainted with the "date rape" drug, Royhypnol, the streets of London are now getting a dose of it as well. According to a recent issue of The London Student newspaper, the drug first came to notice in Scotland a year ago. The paper also makes many references to the previous and vigorous use of the drug in the U.S. Unfortunately, it seems that London has seen its fair share of the drug as well. The British police have already been informed of the problem and are asked to be aware of the presence of the drug along with its possible side effects. London women are being advised to watch their drink at all times and never accept a drink offered to them by a stranger.

Bonds Between Mothers and Daughters in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club Essay

Bonds Between Mothers and Daughters in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club A good mother-daughter relationship is beneficial for both the mother and the daughter. This definitely comes into play in Amy Tan’s novel titled â€Å"The Joy Luck Club.† The story is about four sets of Chinese mothers and daughters, and their first experience of growing in America. All of the mothers want to raise their children in the traditional Chinese way and still allow them to be all that they can be in America. This causes many conflicts between them when the daughters act too American and the mothers act too Chinese. There are also problems when some of the daughters grow and get married to American Men. The mothers influence the daughters with stories of ancestors and eventually the daughters learn that their mothers really do know what they are talking about. Each mother shows their love to their daughter in a different way, and the daughters usually respond to it in a negative manner. There is a lack of communication between the mothers and daughters, which leave a lot of open space for assuming. The daughters seem to inherit a lot of their mother’s characteristics as they get older without even meaning to. In some cases they appear to mirror their mothers. It is as if everything that they have fought against for many years has become them. The Joy Luck Club is a club that one of the mothers, Suyuan Woo started to gather four Chinese women together to raise their spirits. They would meet each week, rotating each lady as a host, eat and talk about things that were going on in each woman’s life. They would play mah jong to raise money incase something came up that they needed emergency money for. Suyuan had twin girls when she lived in China but had to l... ...and that the vase was going to break and she knew that the marriage was going to fall apart if she didn‘t do something. As you can see, each of the mother-daughter couples has a lot in common. They share the same feelings, similar experiences, and a lot of the same knowledge. As rights activist James Baldwin once said, â€Å"Children have never been very good at listening to their elders, but they have never failed to imitate them.† Even if some of the daughters fight their mothers to get along together, it ends up it is for the best. Strong mother-daughter bonds are shown through out the novel and many lessons are learned by the daughters. Each daughter makes her mother proud and in the end that is all that is important. The mothers are just happy that they raised their daughters right. WORKS CITED    Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. New York: Random House, 1989.

Cultivation Analysis: an Overview

Cultivation Analysis: On Overview The complete scope of the effects that new media mediums, in particular television, have had on culture and individuals in society are hard to identify. However, it would be hard to argue that television has had no impact on society and how individuals form their values, beliefs, cultural identity and social norms. Cultivation Analysis is a leading theory that explains how television has shaped individual’s and society’s perspective on reality, truths and the world in general.The theory was developed over a number of years by George Gerbner and his colleague Larry Goss at the University of Pennsylvania while they were researching the cultivated impacts that television has on viewers. Gerbner and Goss found that the more time individuals â€Å"live† in a televised world the more they perceive the world television portrays as reality. Gerbner states in his more recent research that television is to the modern world what religion wa s to earlier generations (Gerbner & Goss, 1976).The theory of Cultivation Analysis traces back to the Cultural Indicators Project in 1967 and 1968. The study was for the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. The study was sponsored by the U. S. Surgeon General’s Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior, the National Institute of Mental Health, The White House Office of Telecommunications Policy, the American Medical Association, the U. S. Administration on Aging, and the National Science Foundation. Gerbner was the lead theorist of the study.Gerbner and his team investigated the extent to which television contributed to viewers’ ideas and perspectives on gender, minority and age-role stereotypes, health, science, the family, education, politics, religion and several other topics. The Cultural Indicators Project involved a three-pronged research strategy. The first prong, called institutional process analysis, was designed to investigate how policies directing the massive flow of media were developed. The second prong is an on-going research project that has recorded weeklong samples of U. S. etwork television dramas. A content analysis of the samples is done in order to classify trends and themes in the world that television presents to its viewers. The third prong deals with examining the responses to questions about social reality among individuals with varying amounts of television exposure. The three prongs used in the Cultural Indicators Project were used to help Gerbner and Goss do research for the development of Cultivation Analysis (Gerbner, 1998). Providing explanation for the terminology used in Cultivation Analysis is crucial to understand the theory.Gerbner uses the concept of â€Å"cultivation† to refer to the independent contribution that television has on its viewers as they make sense of social reality. The term â€Å"cultivation differential† refers to the marginal diff erence between heavy and light television viewers and their conception of social reality. The term cultivation cannot simply be substituted for â€Å"effects. † Cultivation also does not imply a one-way process. The cultivation process explains that there is an interaction between the medium, television, and its publics, television viewers.Television does not simply just create or reflect certain images, opinions or beliefs but rather is an integral aspect of a dynamic process. Institutions that control the creation and distribution of the mass-produced messages on television use the institution’s needs and objectives to shape the views, values and ideas expressed. Gerbner refers to cultivation as a gravitational process. The process depends on where groups of viewers are, viewers style of life and the strength of their personal beliefs, values and view of social reality (Gerbner & Goss, 1976).Cultivation Analysis begins with a message system analysis that identifies t he most recurring, stable and overarching patterns in television content. They are the messages in television that are presented as a system rather than as a specific message in a particular program. Using standard techniques of survey methodology, questions are then posed to sample groups of adults, teens and/or children. Multiple indicators determine the amount of time spent watching television. The difference between heavy and light viewing is made on a case-by-case basis.Cultivation is also dependent on how much television’s messages dominate viewers’ sources of information. The process of mainstreaming stands out as both an indicator of differential vulnerability and as a general pattern that represents the consequences of living with television (Gerbner, 1998). In 1976, George Gerbner and Larry Goss discuss the findings of Cultivation Analysis, which helped with the development of the theory. Gerbner and Goss found differences between symbolic reality and indepen dently observable reality. For example, they found that television underrepresents elderly people (when at the time the lderly population was the fastest growing). They found that the facts of the television world are learned quite well, regardless of whether the viewer believes what they see on television and claim to be able to distinguish between factual and fictional presentations. In this essay, they develop the term â€Å"mean world syndrome. † The term means that heavy viewers of television believe the world to be much more violent and dangerous than in reality. This is a good example of what the theory of cultivation analysis represents. If people are exposed to high amounts of television, it causes them to have a false sense of reality.In television, half of all majors characters encounter a violent action each week, when in reality the FBI reported that only one percent of people in the United States are victims of criminal violence (Gerbner & Goss, 1976). Cultivati on Analysis is a complex and dynamic process. The theory can be defined as the assumption that television cultivates facts, norms and values of society that are in reality, untrue. Cultivation Analysis focuses on the consequences of long-term exposure to the messages, stories and images presented in television.Cultivation Analysis should not be seen as a substitute, but as a complement to traditional approaches to media effects. It concentrates on the powerful and lasting effects of growing up in an era of television. The theory is still being challenged, confirmed, added to and expanded on by many theorist and scholars in the fields of communication and psychology (Gerbner, 1998). References: Gerbner, G. (1998). Cultivation analysis: An overview. Mass Communications & Society, 3(4), 175-194. Gerbner, G. , & Goss, L. (1976). Living with television: The violence profile. Journal of Communications, 26(2), 172-194.

Mycenaean Civilization

The first great civilization on mainland Greece actually bloomed in the demise of the Minoan Civilisation. The Mycenaean Civilisation (1900 – 1100 BC) is also known as the Achaean Civilisation. This is due to the Indo-European migrants, who not only settled on mainland Greece but also adapted to the Minoan way of living. Independent city-states such as Pylos, Corinth and of course Mycenae which was the most powerful of them all, was a characteristic of the Mycenaean Civilisation. Mycenae was also the city of the legendary figure Agamemnon, who was one of the leaders who defeated Troy. These city-states were ruled by kings, whose palaces were on hilltops, enclosed within huge walls, which were very easy to defend. Mycenae with its impressive Gate of Lions became the dominating power in the Peloponese. These palaces soon appeared all over Greece, but unlike those on Crete, these were all huge fortifications and much more difficult to penetrate. As with the Cycladic Civilisation, an impressive legacy was also left by the Mycenaean Civilisation in the form of gold jewellery and ornaments. A collection of these treasures can be seen at the National Archaeological Musuem in Athens. The Mycenaean were also literate and wrote in a script known as Linear B. This script is an early form of Greek which is unrelated from Linear A from the Minoan Civilisation of Crete. It has however been deciphered. Other examples of the script Linear B have also been found on Crete, which has led to the possibility that the island may have been invaded by the Mycenaean people at around 1500 BC. At around 1400 BC the palace of Knossos was destroyed on Crete, as well as destruction all over the island. This wide spread destruction has led many to believe that Crete was not attacked by a foreign force, but that a revolt against the Mycanaean rulers had probably taken place. Mycenaean artifacts have also been discovered in Italy, Eygpt, Asia Minor and North Syria. It is likely that they had permanent strongholds in some of these places as their influence seems so strong. The defeat of Troy was accomplished with the Mycenaean city-states joining together to protect their Black Sea trade routes. During 1200 BC the decline of the civilization had began, with many Mycenaean structures being destroyed. The situation now in Greece was very similar to the one that had happened on Crete following the destruction of Knossos. It is difficult to grasp at how all of the city-states actually declined. Some have put forward that due to trade with the east stopping, many overseas settlements were lost. Others believe that along with factors such as famine and epidemics, internal battles and overpopulation, the reason was when the civilization was overtaken by the Dorians.

Effective Selling-Sales Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effective Selling-Sales Report - Research Paper Example Apparently, the information about the design service is derived from the Company’s research department. The department is mandated to do thorough research on the type of designs that are found in the global market and those that are most preferred and common. Designs such as Florida, Bore, and Luxe are the ancient in the market, although there are other upcoming designs. As such, the company is at a better position to provide customized designs as per clients’ preferences.   Designing service revolves around numerous design types to work and the design process. Firstly, the client should come up with the design types that they wan design for them. In case, they do not have their preferences then the company is mandated to give consultation on the various designs in the market and those that are linked with the construction projects that have been carried out.Secondly, the company’s design process involves budget planning, spacing planning, interior detailing, m illwork, Furniture & Fabric, window treatments, finishing touches and exterior details. The most important part of design process is budget planning where the company   encourages the client to   give much thought   to the process, where discussion   is anticipated on   how to spend on the   whole project.   Additionally, the budget planning entails a set fee which has diverse types of design process. This set fee allows the company to be at the service of the client company without having to accrue hourly charges.

Programmable Logic Controllers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Programmable Logic Controllers - Assignment Example The RES instruction is used to cancel the SET instruction, hence putting the PLC off. In the contemporary society, electronic devices are used in variety of ways. Electronic devices which make use of microprocessors rely on signals to understand information. Signals are available in two forms, i.e. Digital and analogue. Electronic devices can only understand information that is in digital format, and hence the analogue signals are meaningless in such devices. For this reason, the conversion of analogue to digital signals is essential, especially considering that most real life situations lead to the production of analogue signals. The analogue to digital conversion of information, changes the format of the information, without altering its content. Microprocessors are used for the conversion of the analogue signal to digital. The principle used in the conversion of analogue signals to digital signals by the microprocessor is the voltage variation. The microprocessor used sensors, which detect the incoming analogue signals, and translate them into voltage levels. For instance, the translation of temperature of 0 – 1000c, leads to the assignment of 0 volts to 00c, and 5volts to 1000c. Any value that is above 0volts represents an HIGH, and hence microprocessor can show the actual value, depending upon the number of levels the microprocessor can represent. The resolution of the A/D converter refers to the number of intervals which can be divided from a certain analog input range. Since the interpretation of the analogue input (e.g. temperature) requires assigning of voltage levels, the number of levels which can be represented is determined by the resolution. Resolution of A/D converter is represented in bits, for instance, an n-bit A/D converter has a resolution of 1/2n. The word length, as used in the microprocessors refers to the

The internet on thinking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The internet on thinking - Research Paper Example (Greenbalt, 776). In answering these questions, traditional thinking can be described and evaluated. In evaluating it, then the impact of the internet on it can be revealed. Traditional thinking is slow. Slow because it requires careful considerations based on many considerations without the help of any readily available resources. The internet has come in and made it faster. At times, thinking has become instanteneous as a result of readily available resources availed by the internet. Traditional thinking involved thinking based on one consideration or just a few. However, with the internet in place now, it has resulted in what may be deemed as an enhancement. Enhancing the way may sources are integrated into thinking. By integrating many sources of information from the internet into thinking, persons are able to think diversely and make highly supported decisions (Greenbalt, 776). As such, the intergration of many sources of thinking has brought about an era of vast amounts of innovation in almost all areas of our lives. This innovation has been rapid as compared to the past. The difference between the era before the internet and this era of the internet is that, in traditional forms of life before the internet, people were ford of linear time, slow face to face connections, centaralised centres of decision making and one-sided decisions (Ã¥ ¸Æ'Ã¥  ¢Ã¥ §â€ Ã¦â€" ¯Ã¤ ¼ ¯Ã©â€¡Å'å‡ ºÃ§â€°Ë†Ã¥â€¦ ¬Ã¥  ¸, 141).But as of now, people have learnt to change their ways of thinking to conform to a fast and mainly instant world that has large concurrent, multi – tasking and synchronized abilities that have been made probable by innovation emanating from the internet. Innovation resulting from new ways of thinking brought about by the internet is very much evident in day to day lives. For example, new services and products are always been revealed at a highly frequent rate. These new innovations are from unprecedented sources and as such, it has

Food crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Food crisis - Essay Example Adverse weather condition is associated with the increasing cost of goods due to prevailing lack of supplies or production. Krugman tries to emphasize that the origin and implication of food crisis is traced back to changing climate which resulted further to droughts and floods. The intense heat is said to be the reason why there is an ample amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. This is said to result to heavy raining which causes flood in certain parts of the world especially in the tropics. Krugman believes that this slows down food production that eventually becomes the greatest contributing factor of the recent food crisis. The issue of changing climate may not be far as reason to contribute to food crisis. In fact, the very thought about changing weather condition to affect food production and supply is very relevant enough as a reason. Heavy rain, typhoon and other environmental impacts brought by changing climate all over the world may not be far enough to affect production and supply of food. However, it seems that the issue of changing weather condition is just only in addition to the problem of food crisis. It cannot be entirely considered as the root cause of the problem on the lack of food production or supply in the world. There are prior issues to this that need to be considered that eventually have contributed to global food crisis. Population increase Food crisis is caused by rapidly increasing population in the world (Grigg, 1980). This is the reason why there is a need to come up with biotechnology and other related technological innovation in order to increase production and supply of foo d. Food production is necessary in order to meet the spiraling forward demand of the people. Increasing food production is eventually the answer to the number of world’s population and the corresponding demand for food. With biotechnology for instance, it has become a good idea to promote genetic modification of some plants and domestic animals in order to enhance their characteristics to eventually ensure more production. For instance, with BT corn technology, the plant’s characteristics are enhanced and improved to fight harmful pests and diseases. The result would be to enhance growth and production. There are certainly diseases of the corn that can be prevented when some genetic modification has to be implemented. This is just one of the good promises of advancing food production through innovation with science and technology. In short, the need to come up with this or undergo this level of process is highly associated with the rising demand for food because of the increase and demand of the world as its population continues to grow in number year after year. The world’s population in 2008 is different from 2010’s or 25 years from the past. There is certainly corresponding increase in number of the world’s population and this is a great contributing factor why shortage of food has become eminent. There are more people to be fed. This contributes to social, political and economic concerns of a nation. In general, this specific event calls for social, economic and political concerns as well. The issue of distribution Some says that food crisis is caused by significantly simple political and economical issue more than anything else. There are some countries that are said to be not so willing to distribute to the world what they essentially have with them. This primarily involves the issue of food distribution. There is reputed issue about food distribution today and from the past. This makes food crisis not just a matter of availability of food but of distribution. Some countries eventually are not that willing to share what they have especially the raw materials in food production. China for instance is

The relationship between Eliezer and his Father Essay

The relationship between Eliezer and his Father - Essay Example Just as the story begins, Eliezer’s father comes in as a busy community leader. His duties and community engagements leaves him little time to socialize and bond with the family. The lack of connection between father and son pushes Eliezer to lament. â€Å"My father was a cultured man, rather unsentimental. He rarely displayed his feelings, not even with his family, and was more involved with the welfare of others than that of his own kind† (Bloom 02). However, as they enter the camp they display a normal relationship between them, the father values his son, he gives him advice and protects him. The son on the other hand depends and looks up to his father this mainly happens because of horror scare at the camp. The situation at the camp changed the angle of relationship between the two. They had little options at the camp because at arrival his father was no longer a community leader and neither was he busy. In this situation, they could focus on each other in order to deal with the situation at the camp. Eliezer kept his eye on the father and his determination to be with him kept on burning. He says, â€Å"My hand tightened its grip on my father. All I could think of was not to lose him. Not to remain alone† (Bloom 8). As time passes by in the camp the duo, develop a peer like relationship. People who are involved in this kind of relationship help each other in terms of ideas and code of conduct. The two demonstrated their codependency when Franek asks for Eliezers’s gold crown. Eliezer’s refusal to give away the golden crown prompts Franek to beat up his father for not matching well. To prevent this from happening again he decides to teach his father how to match in steps. Near the end of their stay in the camp Eliezer and his father, reverse roles where, he plays the role of a father and his father plays a childish role. The novel illustrates that after they had run to Gleiwitz.

Philosophy Of Education Paper Essay Example for Free

Philosophy Of Education Paper Essay As with any successful profession, there must be a strong foundation on which  to build upon. This foundation in the field of education is your personal philosophy of education. Successful teaching includes diversity of every student’s backgrounds, and levels of ability. Without losing sight of goals, my beliefs of teaching and learning are very specific. First, I believe every child deserves to receive an education. No matter their race or income, every child deserves to learn. The are innocent beings, and these children are going to be our future someday. More specifically, the philosophy that I would teach to my students would be Cultural Nationalism. â€Å"The cultural nationalist teacher focuses exclusively on the experience of the oppressed group as the center or pivot of the curriculum† (Asante, p. 4). I want to use what is going on in the world and focus on their cultural experience. This allows children from oppressed groups to feel nurtured in their school environment day by day. Another philosophy that I have is, I believe a teacher should make learning fun for his/her students. When children are having fun at school, It makes them want to come back and keep coming back. Regular curriculum can get pretty boring. Making the curriculum fun engages the students into learning, and helps them understand it better. Also, I believe in staying involved with professional development so we can continuously learn new things. It is important to me to keep using updated technology  in classrooms. â€Å"Matthew Arnold warned that faith in machinery was humankind’s greatest menace† (Postman, p. 36). I do not believe in what  Arnold stated. I think that new technology in the classrooms is constantly helping teachers and the whole education process. Next, I believe in striving to have positive relationships with students and parents. It is very important to have somewhat of a personal relationship with your students and their parents. It really shows that you care as a teacher. Developing positive relationships with your students allows you to understand them more. This allows you to figure out the best way to teach each and everyone of your students. There are times when we encounter students that require a little more effort than others. When we are faced with this type of situation teacher must reflect on the true meaning of teaching. This will enable the teacher to embrace the difference in the learning styles of students and allow the teacher to develop innovative strategies for reaching such a diverse population. Teachers should give all students the chance to let their creative juices flow. With a little nudge and some encouragement there is no end to what a student can do. Teachers must realize that the impact that we have on our students last a lifetime. I can always remember being told knowledge is power. This statement has been true for decades and surely will be true in the future.